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The article draws inspiration from the 4th International Conference of Financing for Development (FFD4) on development financing and international cooperation aimed at the resolution of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems of poor Countries. The objective is to show that development is an ample economic, social, cultural and political problem, not free from risks. In such regard, the long path of international cooperation was followed with the aim of highlighting the growing elaboration of development and cooperation notions to reach the idea of constant improvement of the wellbeing of the entire population and all individuals on the basis of their active, free and significant participation to the development of fair distribution of the benefits thereof. Finally, the Italian Mattei Plan was referred to as a cooperation model based on partnership, against the threat of the establishment of new phases of neocapitalism which may hide behind aid to poor Countries.